Narrowband UVB Photo Therapy

Narrowband UVB is now the most common form of phototherapy used to treat skin diseases (2008). Narrow-band refers to a specific wavelength of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, 311 to 312 nm. UVB phototherapy was formerly provided as a broadband source (290 to 320 nm).

This range of UV radiation has proved to be the most beneficial component of natural sunlight for psoriasis. Narrowband UVB may also be used in the treatment of many other skin conditions including atopic eczema, vitiligo, pruritus, lichen planus, polymorphous light eruption, early cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and demographic.

Compared with broadband UVB:

• Exposure times are shorter but of higher intensity.
• The course of treatment is shorter.
• It is more likely to clear the skin condition.
• Longer periods of remission occur before it reappears.



What does the treatment involve?

Patients attend two to five times weekly. The patient is placed in a specially designed cabinet containing fluorescent light tubes.



The patient stands in the centre of the cabinet, undressed except for underwear, and wears protective goggles. Usually the whole body is exposed to the UVB for a short time (seconds to minutes).

The amount of UV is carefully monitored. A number of protocols exist depending on the individual's skin type, age, skin condition and other factors.

The skin may remain pale or turn slightly pink (the Minimal Erythemal Dose) after each treatment. Let your therapist know if you experience any discomfort.

Patches of psoriasis generally start to become thinner after five to ten treatments. Most patients with psoriasis require 15 to 25 treatments to clear.

How NBUVB Phototherapy Works

The targeted wavelength of NBUVB light is carefully chosen for its therapeutic effects on the skin. This wavelength range penetrates the skin and works by slowing down abnormal cell growth, reducing inflammation, and modulating the immune response in the affected areas. For people with autoimmune conditions like psoriasis and vitiligo, where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, this targeted approach can be particularly beneficial.

Benefits of NBUVB Phototherapy

1. Effective for Various Skin Conditions: NBUVB is commonly used to treat psoriasis, vitiligo, and eczema, as it reduces itching, scaling, and inflammation associated with these conditions.
2. Safety and Fewer Side Effects: Since NBUVB uses a narrow wavelength range, it is less likely to cause burns, redness, or premature skin aging compared to other phototherapy methods. This also makes it a safer option for long-term management.
3. Controlled and Precise Treatment: NBUVB treatments are typically administered in a clinical setting by trained professionals, ensuring that only the affected areas receive light exposure, minimizing unnecessary exposure to healthy skin.
4. Non-Invasive Approach: NBUVB therapy is a non-invasive, painless treatment option, making it accessible for people who may be sensitive to medications or those looking for an alternative to topical treatments.

The Treatment Process

NBUVB phototherapy is typically administered in a clinical setting, though home devices are available under medical supervision. The treatment process usually involves the following steps:

1. Initial Consultation: A dermatologist assesses the skin condition and determines if NBUVB is appropriate. Patients are given detailed instructions and precautions before beginning treatment.
2. Gradual Exposure: Sessions start with a short duration of light exposure, which is gradually increased based on the skin’s response. Each session typically lasts a few minutes, with treatments done two to three times per week.
3. Duration and Frequency: Depending on the condition being treated, visible improvement may occur within a few weeks, but several months of treatment may be required for optimal results.

Safety Precautions and Considerations

Though NBUVB is generally safe, there are important precautions:

• Eye Protection: Patients must wear protective goggles to prevent eye damage from UV exposure during each session.
• Monitoring Skin Response: A dermatologist monitors the skin's response to avoid potential adverse reactions, such as dryness or temporary redness.
• Avoiding Excessive Sun Exposure: Since NBUVB involves UV light, patients should limit additional sun exposure to prevent skin irritation or burns.

Conclusion

NBUVB phototherapy is a scientifically supported, effective option for managing a variety of chronic skin conditions. It offers targeted treatment with minimal side effects, making it an attractive option for those seeking alternatives to medication or other topical treatments. Under the guidance of a dermatologist, NBUVB can help individuals achieve long-term improvements in skin health, enhancing their quality of life.